配置

.1 配置网络

在最小化安装的CentOS7中，ifconfig是不能使用的，查看网卡信息的命令是

ip addr

其中“ens33”为网卡名称，修改IP地址等信息

vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33

根据实际情况修改内容：

TYPE=Ethernet

PROXY_METHOD=none

BROWSER_ONLY=no

BOOTPROTO=static #启用静态ip地址

DEFROUTE=yes

IPV4_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6INIT=yes

IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes

IPV6_DEFROUTE=yes

IPV6_FAILURE_FATAL=no

IPV6_ADDR_GEN_MODE=stable-privacy

NAME=ens33

UUID=8d497804-9ffa-4edc-951a-5ddd8d2ed504

DEVICE=ens33

ONBOOT=yes #自动启用网络连接

IPADDR0=192.168.0.201 #IP地址

PREFIXO0=24 #子网掩码

GATEWAY0=192.168.0.1 #网关

DNS1=192.168.0.1 #DNS

修改好后保存退出，并重启网络，测试网络是否连接正常：

[root@centos7 ~]# service network restart

Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]

[root@centos7 ~]# ping www.baidu.com

PING www.a.shifen.com (220.181.111.188) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=1 ttl=55 time=27.6 ms

64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=2 ttl=55 time=89.3 ms

64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=3 ttl=55 time=27.1 ms

64 bytes from 220.181.111.188 (220.181.111.188): icmp_seq=4 ttl=55 time=26.2 ms

^C

--- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics ---

4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 3005ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 26.254/42.606/89.358/26.997 ms

3.2 安装ifconfig命令

查看哪个组件包含了ifconfig命令

yum provides ifconfig

或

yum whatprovides ifconfig

ifconfig命令依赖于net-tools的，安装

yum install -y net-tools

3.3 安装vim编辑器

yum install -y vim-enhanced

3.4 安装wget

yum install -y wget

3.5 关闭SELinux

编辑SELinux配置文件

vim /etc/selinux/config

注释掉2行代码，并在最后添加1行代码

#SELINUX=enforcing

#SELINUXTYPE=targeted

SELINUX=disabled

保存并关闭，使设置启用，最好重启一下系统，也可以稍后重启

setenforce 0

3.6 关闭CentOS自带firewall防火墙，启用iptables

# 停止firewall

[root@centos7 /]# systemctl stop firewalld

# 关闭firewall自动启动

[root@centos7 /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.

Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.

安装iptables防火墙

yum install -y iptables-services

使用iptables默认配置文件，可以在此配置文件中增加规则

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables

# sample configuration for iptables service

# you can edit this manually or use system-config-firewall

# please do not ask us to add additional ports/services to this default configuration

*filter

:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]

:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

-A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

COMMIT

重启iptables，并添加到开机自启项中，查看iptables状态

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl restart iptables.service

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl enable iptables.service

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/iptables.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service.

[root@centos7 ~]# service iptables status

Redirecting to /bin/systemctl status iptables.service

● iptables.service - IPv4 firewall with iptables

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/iptables.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)

Active: active (exited) since Mon 2018-05-21 18:09:28 CST; 18s ago

Main PID: 1195 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

May 21 18:09:27 centos7 systemd[1]: Starting IPv4 firewall with iptables...

May 21 18:09:28 centos7 iptables.init[1195]: iptables: Applying firewall rules: [ OK ]

May 21 18:09:28 centos7 systemd[1]: Started IPv4 firewall with iptables.

3.7 配置国内yum源和epel源

3.7.1 配置yum源

1）新建文件夹，保存系统中原来的repo文件

[root@centos7 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# mkdir repo_bak

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo repo_bak/

2）下载阿里云和网易对应系统的repo文件

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# ll

total 8

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1572 Dec 1 2016 CentOS7-Base-163.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2573 Nov 21 2014 Centos-7.repo

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 May 21 18:25 repo_bak

3）清楚系统yum缓存，并生成新的yum缓存

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

Cleaning repos: base extras updates

Cleaning up everything

Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

Determining fastest mirrors

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

(1/12): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00

(2/12): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:01

(3/12): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 47 kB 00:00:00

(4/12): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00

(5/12): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 143 kB 00:00:00

(6/12): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 517 kB 00:00:00

(7/12): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 91 kB 00:00:00

(8/12): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 180 kB 00:00:00

(9/12): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 875 kB 00:00:00

(10/12): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 201 kB 00:00:00

(11/12): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00

(12/12): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:04

Metadata Cache Created

3.7.2 配置epel源

1）安装epel-release，安装成功后，会自动生成epel.repo和epel-testing.repo两个文件

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum list | grep epel-release

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

epel-release.noarch 7-11 extras

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum install -y epel-release

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

Resolving Dependencies

--> Running transaction check

---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed

--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==============================================================================================================

Package Arch Version Repository Size

==============================================================================================================

Installing:

epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k

Transaction Summary

==============================================================================================================

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 15 k

Installed size: 24 k

Downloading packages:

epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00

Running transaction check

Running transaction test

Transaction test succeeded

Running transaction

Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1

Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1

Installed:

epel-release.noarch 0:7-11

Complete!

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# ll

total 16

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1572 Dec 1 2016 CentOS7-Base-163.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2573 Nov 21 2014 Centos-7.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 Oct 3 2017 epel.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1050 Oct 3 2017 epel-testing.repo

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 May 21 18:25 repo_bak

2）下载阿里云开源镜像的epel源文件

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

--2018-05-21 18:35:24-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo

Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 1.81.1.230, 1.81.1.223, 1.81.1.224, ...

Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|1.81.1.230|:80... connected.

HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK

Length: 664 [application/octet-stream]

Saving to: ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo’

100%[====================================================================>] 664 --.-K/s in 0s

2018-05-21 18:35:24 (148 MB/s) - ‘/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-7.repo’ saved [664/664]

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# ll

total 20

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1572 Dec 1 2016 CentOS7-Base-163.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2573 Nov 21 2014 Centos-7.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 May 11 11:35 epel-7.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 951 Oct 3 2017 epel.repo

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1050 Oct 3 2017 epel-testing.repo

drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 187 May 21 18:25 repo_bak

3）再次清除系统yum缓存，并重新生成yum缓存

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration

Cleaning repos: base epel extras updates

Cleaning up everything

Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration

Determining fastest mirrors

base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00

extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00

(1/18): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:00

(2/18): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.9 MB 00:00:01

(3/18): base/7/x86_64/other_db | 2.5 MB 00:00:00

(4/18): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 88 kB 00:00:01

(5/18): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 923 kB 00:00:00

(6/18): epel/x86_64/prestodelta | 2.8 kB 00:00:00

(7/18): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.4 MB 00:00:02

(8/18): epel/x86_64/filelists_db | 10 MB 00:00:03

(9/18): extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 517 kB 00:00:00

(10/18): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 143 kB 00:00:00

(11/18): extras/7/x86_64/other_db | 91 kB 00:00:00

(12/18): extras/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 47 kB 00:00:00

(13/18): updates/7/x86_64/prestodelta | 180 kB 00:00:00

(14/18): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 1.2 MB 00:00:00

(15/18): updates/7/x86_64/other_db | 201 kB 00:00:00

(16/18): epel/x86_64/other_db | 3.1 MB 00:00:01

(17/18): updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 875 kB 00:00:00

(18/18): base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:09

Metadata Cache Created

3.7.3 查看系统可用的yum源和所有的yum源

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist enabled

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

repo id repo name status

base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com 9,911

epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 12,542

extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com 291

updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com 539

repolist: 23,283

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]#

[root@centos7 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist all

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-debuginfo is listed more than once in the configuration

Repository epel-source is listed more than once in the configuration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

repo id repo name status

base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - 163.com enabled: 9,911

centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - 163.com disabled

contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliyun.com disabled

epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 enabled: 12,542

epel-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Debug disabled

epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 - Source disabled

epel-testing/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 disabled

epel-testing-debuginfo/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Debug disabled

epel-testing-source/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - Testing - x86_64 - Sourc disabled

extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - 163.com enabled: 291

updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - 163.com enabled: 539

repolist: 23,283

3.8 修改hostname主机名

3.8.1 hostnamectl

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl

Static hostname: localhost.localdomain

Icon name: computer-vm

Chassis: vm

Machine ID: 8dbe281bfa3d4b3c9390c26f494db334

Boot ID: b629ca855d3e4406ab886fe709d2f917

Virtualization: vmware

Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7

Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

Architecture: x86-64

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname CentOS

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl

Static hostname: centos

Pretty hostname: CentOS

Icon name: computer-vm

Chassis: vm

Machine ID: 8dbe281bfa3d4b3c9390c26f494db334

Boot ID: b629ca855d3e4406ab886fe709d2f917

Virtualization: vmware

Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core)

CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:centos:centos:7

Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64

Architecture: x86-64

[root@localhost ~]# hostname

centos

3.8.2 修改主机名文件

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/hostname